{"id":6112,"date":"2026-08-04T12:26:31","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T12:26:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/?page_id=6112"},"modified":"2026-08-21T10:55:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T10:55:07","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css_animation=”slideInUp” bgcolor=”none” contentalign=”default” rowwidth=”default” bgimageposition=”fixed” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1787309177865{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: A” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css_animation=”slideInUp” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”ABRASION RESISTANCE” tab_id=”1436174951759-b46965bc-506a”][vc_column_text]The natural or finished property of a surface by which it resists abrasions from friction.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ABRASIVE FINISH” tab_id=”1436174952031-7e5f6448-e9b4″][vc_column_text]Non-reflective and flat finish.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ABRASIVE HARDNESS” tab_id=”1436175084704-69e8f64e-46a6″][vc_column_text]Abrasion resistant properties of stone or tile for floors, stair treads, and other solid surfaces.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ABSORPTION” tab_id=”1450155999006-e7bec3b2-023d”][vc_column_text]The state or process of moisture or liquids being soaked up and held.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ABUTMENT” tab_id=”1450156037398-ca28f18e-d6a1″][vc_column_text]A support structure such as arches, beams, trusses or masonry[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ACCELERATOR” tab_id=”1450156070627-d8712039-aa0a”][vc_column_text]A substance that accelerates the setting of epoxy, resins and mortar[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ACID WASH” tab_id=”1450156099245-afbd73d5-33df”][vc_column_text]Chemical based acids or mechanical method used to distress stones and other surfaces to achieve the desired etched or distressed finish[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ACRYLIC EMULSIONS” tab_id=”1450156122413-2c65c05d-222c”][vc_column_text]A clear-water based latex made with acrylic polymers used in adhesives and coatings.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ACRYLICS” tab_id=”1450156164559-3e6c9bfd-45e2″][vc_column_text]Resins comprised from acrylic acids that are carried in water or solvent solutions. Acrylics are found in a variety of coatings including paints, grouts, and caulk.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ACTIVE SOLIDS” tab_id=”1450156195174-b4e2c2cc-ad6b”][vc_column_text]The ingredients in a coating composition that are measured as a weight percent of the total.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ADHERED” tab_id=”1450156226877-99fc4289-373b”][vc_column_text]Secured and supported stone veneers are attached (adhered) with bonding agents<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ADOQUIN” tab_id=”1450156256444-4e550904-0d45″][vc_column_text]Colored aggregates, pumice and quartz from volcanic based quarries are available in several colors.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”AGATE” tab_id=”1450156657184-9ce8fcde-868e”][vc_column_text]A quartz stone with veins and clouds. Available in a variety of colors.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”AGGLOMERATE” tab_id=”1450156685835-b4970643-3479″][vc_column_text]Fabricated stone product designed to look like quarried stone comprised of stone chips that are embedded in resins and mortar.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”AGGREGATE” tab_id=”1450156701586-a5818f9b-4422″][vc_column_text]Man-made and natural fragments added to mortar and resins to create solid surfaces.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ALABASTER” tab_id=”1450156730134-64e64efb-ad9c”][vc_column_text]Fine grained white gypsum typically with transparent qualities that is easily carved for special design products.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ALTERATION” tab_id=”1450156755390-574a03b8-0114″][vc_column_text]Change, adjustment or addition to any room or building.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ALUMINA” tab_id=”1450156775366-c06287d1-b6bb”][vc_column_text]Aluminum oxide.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ALUMINUM STEARATE” tab_id=”1450156800532-d8ecc4d1-f37b”][vc_column_text]Anti-settling agents in paint, varnish, water repellents and cement for pigments and other colorings.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”AMBIENT TEMPERATURE” tab_id=”1450156821428-01bc5b00-1a7a”][vc_column_text]Environment temperature[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ANHYDROUS” tab_id=”1450156850147-31e4ef9b-6453″][vc_column_text]A compound substance containing no water molecules.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ANORTHOSITE” tab_id=”1450156884401-3c4074bc-a15b”][vc_column_text]Igneous rock characterized by large matrix grains that is dark in color.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ANTIQUE FINISH” tab_id=”1450156905154-cf2ec036-9433″][vc_column_text]A distressed textured finish applied to wood, stone and other surfaces.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”APEX STONE” tab_id=”1450156925297-eef60a04-a776″][vc_column_text]The uppermost stone in a pediment, vault, dome or gable.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”APRON” tab_id=”1450157986403-961c32a3-7d56″][vc_column_text]A protecting trim piece under a stone top.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ARAGONITE (CaCO3)” tab_id=”1450158006511-038d1948-8dea”][vc_column_text]A mineral consisting primarily of calcium carbonate, naturally occurring in seashells, that is translucent white.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ARCUATED CONSTRUCTION” tab_id=”1450158034376-1c108181-f326″][vc_column_text]The forming of an arch or vault in stone masonry by compression.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ARGILLITE” tab_id=”1450158054205-d853b64b-11bd”][vc_column_text]Sedimentary rock formed from consolidated clay that does not split easily and is in similar appearance to natural slate.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”AROMATIC SOLVENTS” tab_id=”1450158085685-d2bfe079-c3f8″][vc_column_text]Organic aromatic compound hydrocarbon solvents.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ARRIS” tab_id=”1450158113290-04e74f33-fb43″][vc_column_text]The edge, corner or angle formed by the meeting of two flat or curved surfaces.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ARTIFICIAL MARBLE” tab_id=”1450158134408-62f19829-b2d6″][vc_column_text]Commercially produced product composed of resins and fillers crafted to look like natural quarried marble[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ARTIFICIAL STONE” tab_id=”1450158239518-786dbe83-cf6b”][vc_column_text]Commercially produced product composed of cements and aggregates crafted to look like natural stones or other designs.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786540637591{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: B” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”BACK FILLING” tab_id=”1450155535005-7e77ec51-d398″][vc_column_text]The process of refilling dirt removed during construction or the masonry built behind a facing.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BACKING ROD” tab_id=”1450155535334-addbb56c-ac3c”][vc_column_text]Also known as a filler strip that is composed of a compressible and flexible substance often installed at joints.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BACKING” tab_id=”1450155535664-e6fb15fe-26b0″][vc_column_text]The exterior facing of a veneer that is designed to resist load.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BACKSPLASH TILE” tab_id=”1450155535991-cb4c5c7b-96c8″][vc_column_text]Tiles that are used for kitchen wall areas – above sinks, ranges, and other areas.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BANKER” tab_id=”1450155536326-4105934c-248b”][vc_column_text]The surface (often times a workbench) where stone is cut, polished and finished.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BASALT” tab_id=”1450155536659-cb926a79-0dff”][vc_column_text]A volcanic rock with fine grains that often has a columnar structure. Low in silica and is generally charcoal or black in color. Unlike granite, it contains little or no quartz or feldspars.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BASE BLOCK” tab_id=”1450155537016-0637c48d-044b”][vc_column_text]A block at the base of a column or casing which the baseboard abuts.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BASE COURSE” tab_id=”1450155537392-b292defc-e968″][vc_column_text]Sub layer of walls, supports or piers.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BASE COURSE” tab_id=”1450155537781-e3e6d9ad-1508″][vc_column_text]Sub layer of walls, supports or piers.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BATTED” tab_id=”1450155538140-3f35d303-8ead”][vc_column_text]A finish applied to stone type surfaces featuring parallel tool marks.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BED JOINT” tab_id=”1450155724978-bb864038-1ba7″][vc_column_text]A joint, normally horizontal, between stones that is filled with sealant or mortar.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BEDDING PLANE” tab_id=”1450155751033-cc0d5ad2-aa5f”][vc_column_text]The sedimentary stone in its original horizontal plane.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BED” tab_id=”1450155771404-54b507f6-c702″][vc_column_text]Geological formation of rock marked by planes separating layers from layers as in sedimentary strata. Beds can be differentiated by particle size, mineral type or rock.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BELT COURSE” tab_id=”1450155797502-7accaaeb-d4c2″][vc_column_text]Romanesque style of architecture that features continuous layers or rows of tiles, bricks, shingles, or stones on a vertical surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BENCH” tab_id=”1450155828547-f9541daf-dfca”][vc_column_text]A seat of cubic stone or the steps that are formed in quarries as a result of the removing of stone slabs in bed joints.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BERM” tab_id=”1450155858001-250dae00-ce31″][vc_column_text]Raised banks or a strip of land that borders a river or canal.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BIOTITE” tab_id=”1450155877867-025bf162-84c1″][vc_column_text]A micaceous mineral that is black, dark brown or green.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BLACK GRANITE” tab_id=”1450155903862-e10964d7-5c4b”][vc_column_text]A deep black igneous rock with medium to coarse visible grains and veins.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BLEED” tab_id=”1450155926492-be33d416-59c7″][vc_column_text]The staining of surrounding areas caused by putties, mastics, paints, caulks, and other compounds.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BLENDS” tab_id=”1450155945152-d5114e73-6208″][vc_column_text]A water repellent mixture comprised of raw materials.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BLUESTONE” tab_id=”1450155965300-8f9aec27-4a43″][vc_column_text]Sandstone that is quarried exclusively in western Pennsylvania or New York state.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”BRECCIA” tab_id=”1450155989515-2999bea5-1457″][vc_column_text]Angular fragments of stones joined together. “Monogenetic Breccia” is comprised of a single mineral or rock. “Polygenetic Breccia” is comprised of a variety of rocks.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgcolor=”none” contentalign=”default” rowwidth=”default” bgimageposition=”fixed” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786540695859{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: C” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”CALCAREOUS” tab_id=”1450156185760-79caa90c-0ca9″][vc_column_text]Substance that is contains calcium carbonate, calcium, or limestone.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CALCITE LIMESTONE” tab_id=”1450156186110-af12462a-d236″][vc_column_text]Limestone that does not contain more than 5% magnesium carbonate.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CALCITE MARBLE” tab_id=”1450156186483-bb81079b-da30″][vc_column_text]Crystalline marble that does not contain more than 5% magnesium carbonate.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CALCITE STREAKS” tab_id=”1450156186872-8ec3ab8c-256e”][vc_column_text]The white or milky streaks naturally occurring in stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CALCITE” tab_id=”1450156187222-8dc36659-773e”][vc_column_text]A colorless or white mineral compound containing calcium carbonate found in marble, granites and limestone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CALCIUM OXIDE” tab_id=”1450156187572-f5e415aa-0eb2″][vc_column_text]Caustic white alkaline solid[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CAMBER” tab_id=”1450156187928-ff670e90-e824″][vc_column_text]Convex or arched shape of a horizontal surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CANTERA” tab_id=”1450156188282-e3616e25-b074″][vc_column_text]A quartz volcanic stone quarried in Mexico[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CAP STONE” tab_id=”1450156188645-d10136f0-74a0″][vc_column_text]The top stone of a vertical structure, such as a wall or arch.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CAPACITY INSULATION” tab_id=”1450156189026-a76b718f-1381″][vc_column_text]The innate ability of stones and masonry to store heat based on the density and mass.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CAPILLARY ACTION” tab_id=”1450156189422-e282e8ad-86a6″][vc_column_text]A phenomenon marked by dry materials absorbing moisture through the movement of liquids through porous materials.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CARBONATE” tab_id=”1450156189822-13228fbb-e99d”][vc_column_text]Chemical compound most often salts.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CARBONIC ACID” tab_id=”1450156190186-61e9049b-778a”][vc_column_text]Very weak acid formed when water dissolves carbon dioxide.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CAST STONE” tab_id=”1450156190554-572c94d0-e95b”][vc_column_text]Commercially produced concrete slabs crafted to simulate natural cut stones.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CATALYST” tab_id=”1450156190926-7b44b752-5325″][vc_column_text]A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CAULK” tab_id=”1450156191308-459f7242-3783″][vc_column_text]Waterproof malleable sealant and filler applied to stone joints, windows, and other joints for moisture protection and finishing.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CEMENT” tab_id=”1450156191686-f149dfa5-7947″][vc_column_text]The dry substance mixed with water, sand or gravel to make concrete.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CHAMFER” tab_id=”1450156192080-2f46aabe-5ea5″][vc_column_text]Beveled edge that connects two surfaces.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CHAT SAWED” tab_id=”1450156192489-b42dfa87-c193″][vc_column_text]A finish applied to stone by using chat sand to create textured surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CHIP” tab_id=”1450156192898-a794b72a-5e26″][vc_column_text]An irregular piece of stone or other surface that is removed and leaves a raw unfinished edge.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CIRCULAR FACE” tab_id=”1450156193343-9015e92b-1a1d”][vc_column_text]The outside or convex side of a spherical shape on a stone face.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CIRCULAR SUNK FACE” tab_id=”1450156193811-93a89bf7-b6c1″][vc_column_text]The inside or concave side of a spherical shape on a stone face.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLADDING” tab_id=”1450156194235-545b5de2-3a51″][vc_column_text]The exterior stone veneer finish of a wall or other surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLASTIC” tab_id=”1450156194658-3ba91d4a-e236″][vc_column_text]Rocks composed of fragments of older rocks and stones.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLAY MORTAR” tab_id=”1450156195084-7427cd17-89d6″][vc_column_text]A mortar made of clay typically when lime is to expensive or difficult to procure.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLAY” tab_id=”1450156195518-183a5cf0-95ca”][vc_column_text]Fine grained material that is malleable when damp, hard when dry, and vitrified when fired under significantly high temperatures.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLEAN BACK” tab_id=”1450156195958-373acb5c-98b9″][vc_column_text]In masonry, the end of a stone that is visible.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLEANOUT HOLES” tab_id=”1450156196405-863d7db1-8cfc”][vc_column_text]In masonry the spaces allowed for cleaning out debris and droppings before placement of grout.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLEAR COATING” tab_id=”1450156196882-f6b6f176-4893″][vc_column_text]A coating in a variety of finishes including matte, semi-gloss, or high gloss that is applied to protect, resist moisture, or repel moisture.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLEARANCE” tab_id=”1450156197376-4a527e33-405c”][vc_column_text]The space required for the installation and movement of materials during construction.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLEAVAGE MEMBRANE” tab_id=”1450156197837-52b6894e-6a45″][vc_column_text]In masonry, also known as the “slip sheet” is the membrane that prevents the mortar bed from bonding to the substrate.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLEAVAGE PLANE” tab_id=”1450156198314-ce33a953-ac64″][vc_column_text]The plane in which a crystalline substance may be split.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLEAVAGE” tab_id=”1450157010106-18940a6a-7c4f”][vc_column_text]The capacity of a rock to break along the natural plane.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CLIFT FINISH” tab_id=”1450157054290-d8d5877b-1481″][vc_column_text]A rough finish on natural stones that have been separated along naturally occurring planes and seams such as slate.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COATING” tab_id=”1450157326297-2d43dd0a-c2bf”][vc_column_text]A decorative or protective finish applied to the surface of stones to alter the appearance, enhance resistance to weathering or make waterproof.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COBBLESTONE” tab_id=”1450157345265-8852031d-69f7″][vc_column_text]Rounded rough finished granite or other stones used for paving pathways, sidewalks and driveways.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COMMERCIAL FLOORING” tab_id=”1450157369536-416070ec-1f64″][vc_column_text]Flooring products that are designed for commercial applications that have specialized Coefficient of Friction and other industrial standards.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COMMERCIAL MARBLE” tab_id=”1450157392225-71603319-e9ef”][vc_column_text]A rock capable of taking a polish that is composed primarily of serpentine, dolomite, or calcite, or a combination of these minerals.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COMPACT LIMESTONE” tab_id=”1450157417894-b64ab131-bb34″][vc_column_text]Non metamorphic rocks with natural sedimentary nature that are traded as marble.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COMPOSITE” tab_id=”1450157439020-6bb209c7-bb23″][vc_column_text]As in masonry, a surface that is comprised of various minerals bonded together into a composite form.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CONDENSATION” tab_id=”1450157464173-00d2d375-da7f”][vc_column_text]The water that collects on cold surfaces when humid warm air comes into contact with it.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CONGLOMERATE” tab_id=”1450157488212-290921b1-eb58″][vc_column_text]Stone that features an mix of pebbles and other rock particles.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CONSOLIDATION” tab_id=”1450157509198-d9c4448f-cb5b”][vc_column_text]The combination into a solid mass. In construction, typically refers to the treatment of the surface of stones to delay the decaying process.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CONTOUR SCALING” tab_id=”1450157532054-7f0a777d-a8a9″][vc_column_text]The crust that forms across the surface of limestone and sandstone that blocks the formation of calcium sulfates.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CONTROL JOINT” tab_id=”1450157557187-b6c585ad-f09e”][vc_column_text]The groove joint that is tooled, sawed or formed in masonry structures to manage cracking, shrinkage and expansion.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COPE STONE” tab_id=”1450157600436-e55cf637-14bb”][vc_column_text]The typically flat horizontal stone at the top of a wall or other structure.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COPING” tab_id=”1450157625370-9131d7e2-b70d”][vc_column_text]The covering cap atop a masonry wall that is designed to protect by shedding water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COQUINA” tab_id=”1450157629521-b715793d-f894″][vc_column_text]A soft course-textured limestone that is highly porous and composed of broken shells and stone fragments cemented together by calcite.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CORNERSTONE” tab_id=”1450157578891-334789d5-85a1″][vc_column_text]The stone that forms the base of a corner in construction like in the joining of two walls. Also can be the first stone laid during a formal ceremony at the erection of a building.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CORAL LIMESTONE” tab_id=”1450157686359-19fac474-28fd”][vc_column_text]A limestone rock that consists of calcareous coral skeletons and other organisms.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CORNERSTONE” tab_id=”1450157843839-f75de493-ad37″][vc_column_text]The stone that forms the base of a corner in construction like in the joining of two walls. Also can be the first stone laid during a formal ceremony at the erection of a building.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CORNICE” tab_id=”1450157874488-05bd541d-140a”][vc_column_text]A horizontal ornamental molding found in interior and exterior joints where walls meet ceilings.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CORROSION RESISTANT” tab_id=”1450157931925-36a2c9e3-e091″][vc_column_text]Products that have been professionally coated or treated to become impervious to corrosion.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COUNTERTOPS” tab_id=”1450157953222-01cf7caf-6db1″][vc_column_text]A flat solid surface in kitchens and bathrooms for working.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COURSED VENEER” tab_id=”1450157976587-ee96bc3d-d1d9″][vc_column_text]In masonry, the use of veneer stones that have equal height to form continuous structure extending full length of the fa\u00e7ade.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COURSE” tab_id=”1450157999300-3570cb69-2bd1″][vc_column_text]The continual band of stone at a constant vertical height.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COUSSINET” tab_id=”1450158021632-87f2bc40-88e6″][vc_column_text]The French term for the stone that supports the lowest stone of an arch.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COVE BASE” tab_id=”1450158046799-2ab8ee7a-e02c”][vc_column_text]A thin strip or stone with concave lip to provide smooth transition from floors to walls.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”COVE JOINT” tab_id=”1450158068424-d653e9b2-5172″][vc_column_text]The joint where a wall meets the floor.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CRACK” tab_id=”1450158088972-c91bef42-11af”][vc_column_text]A split, fissure, separation, cleavage or break that extends across a surface of stone that is visible.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CRAMP” tab_id=”1450158110252-9986bb83-8e86″][vc_column_text]An anchor that holds two adjacent stones together.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CRANDALL” tab_id=”1450158131078-1bdabc81-4d17″][vc_column_text]A hand-tool used for finishing stone that consists of sharp pointed bars in a hammer-like configuration.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CRATERING” tab_id=”1450158173852-11d38bd6-9edb”][vc_column_text]A depression in the coating of a surface that has trapped bubbles.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”CROSSETTE” tab_id=”1450158197980-37f66bb8-a875″][vc_column_text]An architectural term that refers to the projection at the corner of a door, window or arch.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786540734112{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: D” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”DAB” tab_id=”1450158249785-2d7e184f-1876″][vc_column_text]A process to dress the surface of a stone through the use of a sharp pointed hand tool.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DACITE” tab_id=”1450158250276-ab154e27-6dd3″][vc_column_text]A volcanic fine-grained extrusive rock somewhere in composition between the rhyolite and basalt.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DADO” tab_id=”1450158250719-b7a6532b-b100″][vc_column_text]An architectural term that refers to the lower part of a wall, below waist height that has an ornamental covering including stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DAMP COURSE” tab_id=”1450158251141-65a201c1-a2e4″][vc_column_text]A layer of impermeable material laid to prevent moisture absorption in foundation walls.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DAMP PROOFING COURSE” tab_id=”1450158404328-ca21e44f-eb8d”][vc_column_text]A layer of impermeable material that prevents the entrance of moisture through both horizontal and vertical joints.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DAMP PROOFING” tab_id=”1450158251571-592c9d0c-dbb0″][vc_column_text]The application of a coating compound that is impervious to water and moisture.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DEFLECTION” tab_id=”1450158252016-065c07c9-501e”][vc_column_text]The fluctuation a horizontal structure bends in the middle under stress.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DELAMINATION” tab_id=”1450158252463-379de628-e47c”][vc_column_text]The result of a faulty lamination process that results in loss of adhesion, separation, or splitting.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DEPTH OF GLOSS” tab_id=”1450158252915-56e50db6-c01c”][vc_column_text]The depth perceived when viewing reflective surfaces.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DESIGN” tab_id=”1450158253370-4708c944-26c2″][vc_column_text]The process and art of decorating or laying out an outdoor space, interior room or building.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DIABASE” tab_id=”1450158253822-4de27212-0529″][vc_column_text]Holocrystalline sub volcanic rock that is deep gray to black.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DIE” tab_id=”1450158254279-08dc1558-3e40″][vc_column_text]In masonry, the cover layer of stone on a vertical surface, as in from a wall to ceiling.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DIMENSIONAL STONE” tab_id=”1450158254729-84647d25-0852″][vc_column_text]A natural building stone that has been cut into specific sizes and shapes for structures.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DIORITE” tab_id=”1450158255187-1b300835-0c41″][vc_column_text]A coarse-grained speckled igneous rock that is composed of plagioclase, hornblende and other mafic minerals.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DOLOMITE MARBLE” tab_id=”1450158255682-bf228815-6b9b”][vc_column_text]A variety of limestone that contains in excess of 49% of magnesium carbonate.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DOLOMITE” tab_id=”1450158256256-fdd6a30b-568f”][vc_column_text]A translucent mineral comprised of carbonate of calcium and magnesium. Can also refer to the sedimentary rock formed by this naturally occurring compound.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DOLOMITIC LIMESTONE” tab_id=”1450158256734-d1689c06-e830″][vc_column_text]Found in ledge formations of limestone it is rich in magnesium carbonate available in a wide array of textures and color tones.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DOLOSTONE” tab_id=”1450158257213-7b4c02d4-5104″][vc_column_text]Also known as dolomite rock. A sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DOVETAIL ANCHOR” tab_id=”1450158257702-71f39314-c9f1″][vc_column_text]A dovetail shaped slot that is connected to a concrete form.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DOVETAIL MOLDING” tab_id=”1450158258191-f5b0eb82-0173″][vc_column_text]A molding of a zig zag pattern that resembles dovetails.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DRESSED\/HAND DRESSED” tab_id=”1450158258673-3fbe6a20-6b49″][vc_column_text]Hand cut square or rectangular stones in rough chunks. Dressed typically means it is ready for installation.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DRESSING” tab_id=”1450158259167-e7fb732c-c4ba”][vc_column_text]The squaring and shaping of stones, rocks, slabs and blocks for easy shipment and storage.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DRIP MOLD” tab_id=”1450158259655-88c6ec4b-2fda”][vc_column_text]A projection from a cornice or sill that is designed to protect the area below from rainwater running down the face of a vertical surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DRIP” tab_id=”1450176776062-7a5356d7-3c09″][vc_column_text]The recess cut into a stone to divert water and throw it from the vertical surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DROVE” tab_id=”1450176370757-c1304411-1a74″][vc_column_text]Also known as a drove chisel. A masonry chisel with a broad edge used to dress and finish stones.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DRY PACK” tab_id=”1450176391842-c36e4b9c-5acc”][vc_column_text]The process of placing a mud bed, concrete or mortar into a space by force.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DRY SEAM” tab_id=”1450176413917-0b45c794-3cb1″][vc_column_text]The unhealed natural or caused fracture in a stone that may show an inherent weakness.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DRY WALL” tab_id=”1450176437136-4896561f-8f4a”][vc_column_text]A stone wall that is constructed without the use of mortar.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DUAL FINISH” tab_id=”1450176457451-d4a32b43-234a”][vc_column_text]Refers to the process of using two separate finishes in a single process for example a polished and a thermal.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DURABILITY” tab_id=”1450176486823-b0ef73a3-72b7″][vc_column_text]The measurement of a products ability to resisting force, wear and tear.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”DUTCHMAN” tab_id=”1450176507740-07e672a9-7cca”][vc_column_text]A stone or piece of wood that is used to repair a larger area. It is specially crafted to ensure proper look and size.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgcolor=”none” contentalign=”default” rowwidth=”default” bgimageposition=”fixed” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786540767120{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: E” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”EFFLORESCENCE” tab_id=”1450176614805-94c9fd4d-0e04″][vc_column_text]A deposit of white carbonates or sulfates that form on the surface of brick, concrete, mortar or stone when moisture is absorbed.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”EGGSHELL FINISH” tab_id=”1450176615358-670d01a8-c28a”][vc_column_text]A finish for woods, walls, or stone that is matte in appearance, like an egg shell.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”EIGHT-CUT FINISH” tab_id=”1450176615941-8a231996-2875″][vc_column_text]A replicated corrugated finish of parallel markings.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”EMULSION” tab_id=”1450176616474-e8752429-ff92″][vc_column_text]A mixture of particles, liquids and binders where particles are suspended.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ENCRINAL MARBLE” tab_id=”1450176617077-3e525802-6e01″][vc_column_text]A marble saturated with shells and fossils creating unique patterns and colors.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ENDOLITHIC” tab_id=”1450176617670-d240167f-9e6a”][vc_column_text]In masonry, the process of adding color or textures to stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ENGINEERED STONE” tab_id=”1450176618232-9a7d9400-c280″][vc_column_text]A man-made composite material that is comprised of resins, rocks, glass, epoxies and other ingredients.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ENTABLATURE” tab_id=”1450176618796-8892a905-23b8″][vc_column_text]Architectural term that refers to the horizontal stones above columns.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ENTASIS” tab_id=”1450176619363-3be9afcd-a891″][vc_column_text]A convex curve crafted into the shaft of a column to create a visual illusion.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”EPOXY RESIN” tab_id=”1450176619935-a1c44838-8491″][vc_column_text]A flexible thermosetting resin used in coatings, laminates and adhesives normally used for surface coatings, mortars, cements, floor surfaces and adhesives.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”EPOXY” tab_id=”1450176620494-e0f76d91-f832″][vc_column_text]An adhesive made from synthetic thermosetting polymers which are chemical resistance and tough.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ERECTION” tab_id=”1450176621065-1f8bc84a-5479″][vc_column_text]The process of building or setting a stone into place in the vertical plane.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ETCHING” tab_id=”1450176621642-76399def-5738″][vc_column_text]In masonry, a finish where the stone is eroded by an acid. Etching can be done in specific designs or patterns in small areas, or for an overall finish.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”EXFOLIATION” tab_id=”1450176622221-cc04cef7-b042″][vc_column_text]The peeling off of flakes of stone or mineral in thin layers cause by chemical reaction, weather, or heat.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”EXPANSION” tab_id=”1450176622842-aad32be8-7caf”][vc_column_text]The enlargement (in all directions) due to natural phenomenon including absorption of water or rise in temperature.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”EXPOSED AGGREGATE” tab_id=”1450176623515-b481da81-5b16″][vc_column_text]A type of finish on concrete that is crafted to expose special stones and fragments for their colors, shapes and sizes.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” bgcolor=”none” contentalign=”default” rowwidth=”default” bgimageposition=”fixed” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786540807810{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: F” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”FABRICATION” tab_id=”1450178852432-35567fbf-2cbe”][vc_column_text]In masonry, the process of transforming quarry stones into finished stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FACE” tab_id=”1450178853227-b3ea8969-f29d”][vc_column_text]The exposed surface of a structure or stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FACIES, METAMORPHIC” tab_id=”1450178853959-284feda4-ff8e”][vc_column_text]Groups of mineral compositions in metamorphic rocks that come from specific pressure temperature areas.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FACTOR OF SAFETY” tab_id=”1450178854703-cf9a61fe-c841″][vc_column_text]The mathematical calculation by which the expected stress or weight is multiplied to determine the strength or resistance required for safety.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FACTORY-FINISH INSTALLATION” tab_id=”1450178855445-baa56166-f12d”][vc_column_text]Stones, tiles, floors or walls that have surface finishes manufactured and tooled in a factory, and not onsite.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FALSE JOINT” tab_id=”1450178856192-8dd42b98-7255″][vc_column_text]Also known as a dummy joint; refers to the lines and grooves that appear on stones or other surfaces.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FASCIA” tab_id=”1450178856952-78c47fd2-7975″][vc_column_text]The long flat surface between moldings.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FAT MORTAR” tab_id=”1450178857701-1e1469d0-5fa6″][vc_column_text]A sticky mortar that contains cement components.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FAULT” tab_id=”1450178858497-e5901bba-0514″][vc_column_text]A break in bedding planes of stones, granites, limestone, and marbles that can interfere with underground drainage.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FEATHER EDGE” tab_id=”1450178859286-218758e9-f357″][vc_column_text]A fine edge finish crafted by beveling or cutting stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FELDSPAR” tab_id=”1450178860046-2b142d10-c8ba”][vc_column_text]A rock-forming mineral that occurs as pale-colored crystals resulting from crystalline minerals.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FERRUNGINOUS” tab_id=”1450178860803-dbfa05ba-8e71″][vc_column_text]A limestone, sandstone, or other quartz-based stone that contains a high percentage of iron oxide.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FIELD STONE” tab_id=”1450178861566-204786e8-7091″][vc_column_text]Stones scattered over ground cover.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FIELDSTONE” tab_id=”1450178862331-af23fa98-6d7e”][vc_column_text]A naturally weathered stone collected from the top of the ground. Popular areas from which fieldstones are gathered include the High Plains and New England.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FILLER STRIP” tab_id=”1450178863105-0146dcb3-c743″][vc_column_text]A resilient material placed in the joint to provide sealant properties.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FILLET” tab_id=”1450178863888-bec92fc6-df91″][vc_column_text]A flat thin molding strip used to separate larger or ornamental moldings.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FILLING” tab_id=”1450180127451-afc6ee29-bbf9″][vc_column_text]A masonry term that refers to the filling of the natural voids with resins, mortars, cements, or shellacs.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FINES” tab_id=”1450180154980-e23de5ba-d029″][vc_column_text]The residue created from processing rock.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FINISH” tab_id=”1450180179769-370251fa-a48e”][vc_column_text]The final coating and texture applied to the surface of stone, walls, or wood.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FIREPLACE” tab_id=”1450180203116-de694d70-2350″][vc_column_text]A fire-proof structure engineered for the purpose of housing an intentional fire.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FIREPROOFING” tab_id=”1450180229291-d7930efe-2073″][vc_column_text]The process of making a product or surface resistant to sparks, flames, and fire.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FIXING” tab_id=”1450180251950-ae5f031c-2e01″][vc_column_text]A European term referring to the installation of stone work.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLAGSTONE” tab_id=”1450180285039-a2f8f4e0-a515″][vc_column_text]Stone cut into thin slabs primarily used for patios, walkways and driveways.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLAMED FINISH” tab_id=”1450180305674-df04fad8-162a”][vc_column_text]A rugged finish for stone accomplished by heating surface to extreme temperatures and then rapidly cooled.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLASHING” tab_id=”1450180334143-4ea8ed06-9237″][vc_column_text]A thin strip of metal or other material used under a roof to stop water and moisture from being absorbed by the junction.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLEURI CUT” tab_id=”1450180355839-5652c037-b961″][vc_column_text]A process in which quarried stone or marble is cut parallel to the natural bedding plane.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLEURI” tab_id=”1450180381068-e43f5891-f319″][vc_column_text]An effect crafted when marble and other stones are sawn parallel to the natural bedding plane in the quarry.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLINT” tab_id=”1450178200600-bde4f4fb-1a17″][vc_column_text]A hard, finely grained deep gray stone that is nearly pure silica that fractures conchoidally.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLOAT COAT” tab_id=”1450178247010-9ff1cdbc-fac8″][vc_column_text]The thin layer of mortar that is applied to a surface and given a float finish.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLOAT” tab_id=”1450178274341-aca6b1d3-4a29″][vc_column_text]A masonry tool used for smoothing and spreading plaster, cement, or mortar.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLOORING” tab_id=”1450178298970-833cccd8-38ea”][vc_column_text]Materials used to cover floors. These can include granite, tiling, marble and wood.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLUTED” tab_id=”1450178336126-2ab4b159-95fd”][vc_column_text]A stone that has a channel or groove carved into it such as a column.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FOUR-CORNER FINISH” tab_id=”1450178223986-244c9070-ba1c”][vc_column_text]A coarse hammered finish.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FLUTING” tab_id=”1450178367403-28e80d9b-45db”][vc_column_text]Shallow groove or grooves carved into stone columns or pillars for decoration.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FOUR-MAN BOULDERS” tab_id=”1450178438413-e1933585-9b35″][vc_column_text]Rough cut stones weighing less than 750 pounds.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FOYER” tab_id=”1450178462423-c580e2ad-eaab”][vc_column_text]An entrance space or hall between a building’s entrance and interior.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FREESTONE” tab_id=”1450178499760-35d41ee1-d97d”][vc_column_text]A stone that can be cut in any direction without risk of splitting or fracture.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FRIEZE” tab_id=”1450178543959-674c2f22-a907″][vc_column_text]A horizontal ornamental band at the junction of walls and the ceiling.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FROG” tab_id=”1450178541594-a364ab45-a299″][vc_column_text]The indentation on the surface of a brick.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FRONT” tab_id=”1450178630359-33cbf494-9dd7″][vc_column_text]The primary fa\u00e7ade of a building that has the main entrance.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FULL MORTAR BEDDING” tab_id=”1450178676321-2fc8421a-9051″][vc_column_text]Refers to the process of applying mortar to the entire masonry base; typically used in load-bearing construction of foundations and walls[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”FURRING” tab_id=”1450178702113-6eb7d8ed-224b”][vc_column_text]A finishing method for a masonry wall that prevents moisture absorption, provides for insulation or simply to provide a smooth surface for finishing.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786540854088{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: G” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”GABBRO” tab_id=”1450177243209-d59c864b-70fe”][vc_column_text]A coarsely grained plutonic crystalline rock containing pyroxene, plagioclase and feldspar.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GABLE” tab_id=”1450177243792-5c4312e9-ef80″][vc_column_text]A part of a wall that enclose the end of a pitched root from the eaves to the apex.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GALLET” tab_id=”1450177244356-b398f860-2aa8″][vc_column_text]A chip of stone[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GANG SAWED” tab_id=”1450177244927-9506c804-32b7″][vc_column_text]The rough surface of a stone after having been gang sawed.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GANG SAW” tab_id=”1450177245496-16befc8e-5f45″][vc_column_text]A machine saw with blades primarily used to cut quarry blocks into slabs.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GANTRY SAW” tab_id=”1450177246065-f4b05ec6-2065″][vc_column_text]A single blade diamond saw with a mobile rail and blade that is repositioned between cuts along the tracts of the rail.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GARRETING” tab_id=”1450177246639-b66ea559-946e”][vc_column_text]The process and craft of inserting stone fragments into mortar joints prior to mortar setting up.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GAUGED” tab_id=”1450177247220-6103a59c-ebb8″][vc_column_text]The grinding process that makes all pieces of material are the same thickness.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GLASS MOSAIC” tab_id=”1450177247874-54b1efb5-9512″][vc_column_text]Tiles of a mosaic design made from glass. Can be translucent, textured, and mounted to mesh backings for easy installation.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GLASS SEAM” tab_id=”1450177248477-e29263ba-f441″][vc_column_text]A narrow streak, vein or joint similar in appearance to glass that does not affect structural soundness.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GLOSS” tab_id=”1450177249073-96431228-e687″][vc_column_text]A finish with significant luster and shine and is measured by the amount of light reflected.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GNIESS” tab_id=”1450177249665-80da3d93-ca9d”][vc_column_text]A metamorphic coarse-grained rock primarily consisted of quartz, mica and feldspar. It is sometimes referred to as “Trade Granite”.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GRADE COURSE” tab_id=”1450177250269-f022a02c-1cf8″][vc_column_text]The grade level that is waterproofed.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GRAIN” tab_id=”1450177250873-da41a212-cbc7″][vc_column_text]The most clear cleavage of natural stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GRANITE COUNTERTOP” tab_id=”1450177251471-f1839bd6-bc65″][vc_column_text]A flat working surface area composed of natural coarsely grained igneous rock composed of quartz, feldspars and mica.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GRANITE SLAB” tab_id=”1450177252152-2aa725a9-705a”][vc_column_text]A slab of igneous rock that can be used for countertops, walls, flooring, table tops, and other design projects.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GRANITE” tab_id=”1450177252818-c849383d-0f50″][vc_column_text]A very dense igneous rock comprised mostly of quartz, feldspar and magnesium.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GRANULAR” tab_id=”1450177253437-8a0f7139-6279″][vc_column_text]The innate and natural texture of stones characterized by small grains and particles.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GRAVEL” tab_id=”1450177254072-b25cf8b1-731f”][vc_column_text]Small aggregate stones of quartz, limestone, basalt, and granite used for landscaping and driveway applications.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GREEN MORTAR” tab_id=”1450177254707-e1a25904-95cb”][vc_column_text]Mortar that has not yet fully dried but has set.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GREENSTONE” tab_id=”1450177255344-83f4aff5-bd93″][vc_column_text]Natural or altered igneous stones that have a greenish hue.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GREYWACKE” tab_id=”1450177255977-b3f991be-c527″][vc_column_text]A variety of sandstone that is characterized by flakes and fragments of quartz, feldspar and other fragments that are set in a clay matrix.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GRIND-IN-PLACE INSTALLATION” tab_id=”1450177256613-cb06f92c-50c2″][vc_column_text]A method of installation where tile, granite, marble, or other stones are set into mortar and then finished in place.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GROG” tab_id=”1450177257263-bd7723de-5184″][vc_column_text]A brick that is made from crushed bricks and mixed with clay.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GROUT CORE MASONRY” tab_id=”1450177257911-abfce1f1-2ade”][vc_column_text]The process of filling masonry products (that have hollow cores) with grout for extra stability and strength.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GROUT LIFT” tab_id=”1450177258655-152a9966-d3a6″][vc_column_text]The height in which grout is placed in joints or cavities.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GROUT POUR” tab_id=”1450177259337-4bdd37b4-3c37″][vc_column_text]The overall height of a masonry wall.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GROUTED MASONRY” tab_id=”1450177260015-860653b4-5437″][vc_column_text]Masonry projects that have joints and voids filled with grout.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GROUT” tab_id=”1450177260689-ea8c1dcb-8fc1″][vc_column_text]A paste or mortar made from cement, aggregates and water used for filling crevices between bricks, tiles and stones on walls and flooring[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GUIDE SPECIFICATION” tab_id=”1450177261361-7874a56e-4a67″][vc_column_text]The recommended specifications for the installation of stone and other masonry products.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”GYPSUM” tab_id=”1450177262047-0e980671-ae92″][vc_column_text]A hydrated calcium sulfate sedimentary stone formation typically soft white or light gray in color.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” bgcolor=”none” contentalign=”default” rowwidth=”default” bgimageposition=”fixed” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786540877666{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: H” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”HAIRLINE CRACKING” tab_id=”1450178829992-743e27dd-aef1″][vc_column_text]The naturally occurring superficial thin cracking of a concrete surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HALF BULLNOSE” tab_id=”1450178830865-36483b02-f5cb”][vc_column_text]An edging option for stone surfaces such as a granite countertop that is convex.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HALF ROUND” tab_id=”1450178831747-d38c6270-2653″][vc_column_text]An edging option for stone or other hard surfaces such as a countertop that as a semi-circular finish.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HALITE” tab_id=”1450178832625-93fb59e4-20ae”][vc_column_text]Colorless cubic crystals including rock salt.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HAND CUT RANDOM RECTANGULAR” tab_id=”1450178833519-617d2698-4022″][vc_column_text]The process in which stones are hand-cut into geometric shapes with consistent joints for a patterned finish.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HARD-BURNED” tab_id=”1450178834410-d67d907c-384a”][vc_column_text]Clay products, for example bricks, that have been fired at extremely high temperatures to a nearly vitrified state.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HARDNESS” tab_id=”1450178835293-9842b004-e39b”][vc_column_text]The measurement of hardness in stones and other surfaces as determined by the Mohs Scale.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HEAD JOINT” tab_id=”1450178836255-ed436ea9-03e4″][vc_column_text]A vertical joint between masonry stones where mortar is placed.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HEADER” tab_id=”1450178837187-a75ed4a4-6483″][vc_column_text]Also referred to as a bonder, in masonry is a unit that overlaps adjacent units.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HEADSTONE” tab_id=”1450178838069-b3016937-70e1″][vc_column_text]The principle stone in a construction project such as a keystone or cornerstone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HEAD” tab_id=”1450178838952-39e7511a-051a”][vc_column_text]In masonry, the end of a stone or rock that has been machine or hand-tooled to match the face of the stone. These heads are used as corner pieces for door jams, windows or other areas where corners are visible.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HEARTH” tab_id=”1450178839854-9c91fe13-893c”][vc_column_text]A fire-proof, typically raised, section of the floor directly in front of a fireplace or wood-burning stove.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HEMIHYDRATE” tab_id=”1450178840749-d30d49da-91bc”][vc_column_text]A crystalline hydrate that contains one water molecule for every two molecules of the compound.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HERRINGBONE” tab_id=”1450178841636-11a08a0c-9e01″][vc_column_text]A pattern for setting tiles or stones in a slanted design in alternating polarities.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HEWN STONE” tab_id=”1450178842542-df4d19fb-0949″][vc_column_text]A finish for stones created by chipping with a mallet and chisel.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HIGH-STRENGTH ADHESIVE” tab_id=”1450178843517-59dcf093-a9e2″][vc_column_text]A high-strength adhesive and bonding agent used to join pieces of stone and other materials.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HONE FINISH” tab_id=”1450178844496-bcfbdb80-84fd”][vc_column_text]A type of finish available for stones and other hard surfaces that has a smooth satin appearance.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HONES\/HONE FINISH” tab_id=”1450178845423-b30146b6-5773″][vc_column_text]A type of finish recommended for commercial flooring constructed from marble, granite and quartz that has a smooth satin finish.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HORNEBLEND” tab_id=”1450178846351-c9accebc-7443″][vc_column_text]A dark green, black or brown mineral that can be found in igneous stones including granite.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HYDRATED LIME” tab_id=”1450178847290-d87e9355-c815″][vc_column_text]The product of heating limestone that creates this caustic substance.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HYDRATE” tab_id=”1450178848236-88141714-8808″][vc_column_text]A mineral composition that was formed by a combination of organic elements and compounds with water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HYDRAULIC” tab_id=”1450178849183-4d4bf584-abfb”][vc_column_text]In masonry projects it refers to the process of hardening with or under water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HYDROPHILIC” tab_id=”1450178850134-03204ee3-f866″][vc_column_text]The characteristic in which substances absorb, mix with, or dissolve in water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”HYDROPHOBIC” tab_id=”1450178851103-8155f4cc-1b3c”][vc_column_text]The inherent characteristic in substances that repel water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786540919325{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: I” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”IGNEOUS ROCK” tab_id=”1450181825674-68a12f12-4285″][vc_column_text]A rock that is formed by the solidification of molten magma.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”IMPORT BROKER” tab_id=”1450181826585-982dea6f-3f8f”][vc_column_text]A professional that acts as an import agent for foreign sourced products.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”IMPORTER” tab_id=”1450181827507-025d97e8-b656″][vc_column_text]A business or individual that purchases, distributes and resells foreign sourced products.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”IMPREGNATION” tab_id=”1450181828432-d8ed0642-f80a”][vc_column_text]The process of applying a chemical compound to penetrate a stone for a variety of purposes including stain inhibition.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”IMPREGNATOR” tab_id=”1450181829348-7633bf73-d5ee”][vc_column_text]Chemical compounds that are engineered to penetrate the surface of a stone. Typically applied to reduce absorbency rate inherent in stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”INCISE” tab_id=”1450181830258-019ee66d-d147″][vc_column_text]The action of cutting or engraving a stone or other solid surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”INDENTING” tab_id=”1450181831219-21b3b1dd-e43b”][vc_column_text]The intentional practice of omitting stones in a pattern to allow for future bonding work.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”INLAY” tab_id=”1450181832237-156f93e9-4a03″][vc_column_text]An ornamental decoration that is crafted by removing a portion of the base stone or wood and inserting a different surface including wood, glass, tile or stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786540966928{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: J” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”JOINT REINFORCEMENT” tab_id=”1450182551353-4aa961b2-bb06″][vc_column_text]A steel reinforcement that is placed in mortar bed joints.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”JOINTING SCHEME” tab_id=”1450182552352-08c2d4ff-41fa”][vc_column_text]An architectural drawing of location, dimensions, design and configuration of stones indicating the joints in the pattern.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”JOINTING” tab_id=”1450182553355-647d8ec6-98b9″][vc_column_text]A process in which the joints of masonry are finished before mortar has completely hardened and cured.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”JOINT” tab_id=”1450182554487-50e314f6-5bf5″][vc_column_text]In masonry, the space between stones or tiles and the abutting materials.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”JUMPER” tab_id=”1450182555512-6ee4356b-547c”][vc_column_text]A piece of a stone that is raised in comparison to the adjacent stones or material. Typically used in horizontal joints.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786540993179{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: K” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”KAOLINITE” tab_id=”1450182773139-38c43529-1d3c”][vc_column_text]A mineral that is white or light gray comprised of aluminum silicate.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”KERF” tab_id=”1450182774160-ec42cd6c-0d67″][vc_column_text]A slit made by cutting with a saw blade.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”KEY BLOCK” tab_id=”1450182775197-492df534-a879″][vc_column_text]The first block removed from a new ledge in a quarry that is removed by lateral shifting, undercutting or drilling.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”KEYSTONE” tab_id=”1450182776223-22fc2e6e-10e4″][vc_column_text]A wedge-shaped stone placed at the top of an arch.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”KILN RUN” tab_id=”1450182777249-a1c6a9b8-6991″][vc_column_text]Brick from a single kiln that have not been sorted or graded.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”KILN” tab_id=”1450182913842-9d930469-c678″][vc_column_text]An oven or furnace designed for firing clay or brick.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”KING CLOSURE” tab_id=”1450182939542-09465109-4a6b”][vc_column_text]A brick that has been crafted to have one 2-inch end and one full-width end.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”KNEELER” tab_id=”1450182966712-fd2641f7-27c7″][vc_column_text]A stone that supports inclined masonry projects as part of walls or other projects. May include cope stones.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541034609{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: L” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”LAMINATION” tab_id=”1450183067172-eb82dcce-754e”][vc_column_text]The process of adhering two pieces of stones or other surfaces together.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LANDSCAPE STONES” tab_id=”1450183068615-15da2ba3-580d”][vc_column_text]Natural stones cut for landscaping projects including driveways, outdoor fireplaces, and other projects.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LAP” tab_id=”1450183070087-accaa014-7021″][vc_column_text]The process of overlapping one surface with another.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LATERAL SUPPORT” tab_id=”1450183071555-1fbac093-f9e4″][vc_column_text]Engineering practice where walls and columns are braced by floors, beams, roofs or walls.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LATEX ADHESIVE” tab_id=”1450183073053-f51ebb7e-4793″][vc_column_text]An emulsion of rubbers and resins used to adhere a variety of surfaces together.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LAVA” tab_id=”1450183074605-887cb103-06d6″][vc_column_text]Igneous rocks that were created by volcanic activity. These include rhyolite and basalt.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LEAN MORTAR” tab_id=”1450183076080-2fd1cf50-0187″][vc_column_text]A mortar that is difficult to spread due to its cement component deficiency.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LEDGER PANELS” tab_id=”1450183077573-64d607a2-af5a”][vc_column_text]Ready to install panels of stone for fireplaces and walls that have the appearance of individually stacked or laid stones.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LEDGER STONE” tab_id=”1450183302427-5821f12f-9470″][vc_column_text]A flat horizontal slab of stone used in foundations.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LEGS” tab_id=”1450183330531-0608fda8-efd8″][vc_column_text]The vertical dimension of a stone used on sides of vertical openings including fireplaces.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LEGS” tab_id=”1450183362732-d06c2d59-0b95″][vc_column_text]In masonry work, the vertical stones used to line a fireplace opening.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LEWIS BOLT” tab_id=”1450183393671-bffae7c4-6308″][vc_column_text]An anchor bolt that has a conical base where concrete is poured to secured.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LEWIS HOLES” tab_id=”1450183418491-4f015de3-7f46″][vc_column_text]Holes that have been cut or drilled into stone for the lifting or installation of stones with anchor bolts.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LIME HYDRATED” tab_id=”1450183450311-dc5cfa0b-af59″][vc_column_text]A quicklime that has water added to convert inherent oxides to hydroxides.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LIME PUTTY” tab_id=”1450183477985-199751ea-3596″][vc_column_text]A hydrated lime in a plastic form ready for the addition to mortar.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LIME-HYDRAULIC” tab_id=”1450183503313-27fec7dc-1388″][vc_column_text]A compound that has a chemical reaction with water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LIMESTONE” tab_id=”1450183531538-aa2da96b-3ccb”][vc_column_text]A hard sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate or dolomite created from the decomposition of marine organisms.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LINE PIN” tab_id=”1450183557130-4315d1b5-ac3a”][vc_column_text]In masonry, a metal pin that is used to attach a line for alignment.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LINERS” tab_id=”1450183598547-4f8e218c-c80b”][vc_column_text]A structured engineered section of masonry structures that are constructed to give strength, increase joint depth and in the cases of chimneys provides fire resistance.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LINTEL” tab_id=”1450183662417-fe4ebd93-ed20″][vc_column_text]A horizontal beam or other support structure of concrete, steel, timber or stone across an opening such as a door or window.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LIPPAGE” tab_id=”1450183626327-04fd94ff-c0f1″][vc_column_text]An uneven floor surface that occurs when tiles or stones are not laid flat. Typically lippage should not be greater than 1\/32 of an inch.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LIPPING” tab_id=”1450183730982-20e1cf80-320b”][vc_column_text]The result when flooring or paving surfaces are not flat or the adjoining pieces of tiles or stones are warped causing an uneven surface where one of material pieces is higher.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LOAD BEARING” tab_id=”1450183763464-16a1c778-8bc9″][vc_column_text]A supporting wall or structural system that is designed to carry structure loads.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LUG” tab_id=”1450183693662-9900c2a2-17b3″][vc_column_text]In masonry terms, a slightly protruding stone that is used to attach to a bordering structure.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”LUG SILL” tab_id=”1450183797107-aa8a400b-b5a5″][vc_column_text]A stone sill that is set into the jambs on either side of a masonry opening.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541068912{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: M” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”MACHINE FINISH” tab_id=”1450183913620-0d5ea380-44ad”][vc_column_text]A finish produced by mechanical planers to create a variety of surface finishes.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”MALPAIS” tab_id=”1450183915145-4b3f90f2-88af”][vc_column_text]A dark colored rock found in rough terrain typically from a volcanic source.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”MANTEL” tab_id=”1450183916785-9887aa1f-bd48″][vc_column_text]A stone, arch or a beam design to support masonry above a fireplace opening.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”MANUFACTURED” tab_id=”1450183918365-a3fe2fae-3de2″][vc_column_text]In masonry, refers to fabricated stones that are ready for installation.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”MANUFACTURER” tab_id=”1450183919938-ccfecc64-635d”][vc_column_text]In masonry, the company that fabricates stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”MARBLE” tab_id=”1450183921634-85638ff9-17b0″][vc_column_text]A crystalline metamorphic stone with veins and streaks of color and texture that is capable of being polished.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”METAMORPHIC ROCK” tab_id=”1450183923266-4579f690-64fc”][vc_column_text]A rock that has been altered by intense pressure, high temperatures or both. Examples include quartz-based stones, granite, shale and marble.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”MICRO FIBER” tab_id=”1450183925062-cbdd48f8-62a6″][vc_column_text]A fabric made from synthetic yarns less than 1 denier.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”MOHS SCALE” tab_id=”1450181503888-7d6f45e7-55c4″][vc_column_text]The commercially recognized scale for determining the hardness of solids. The lower the number, the softer the material. (1) Talc, (2) Gypsum, (3) Calcite (Marble), (4) Fluorite, (5) Apatite, (6) Feldspar (Granite), (7) Quartz (Granite), (8) Topaz, (9) C[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”MOSAIC” tab_id=”1450181548617-4c9348af-2a43″][vc_column_text]A pattern or picture created by arranging small colored pieces of stone, tile or glass.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”MOSAIC TILE” tab_id=”1450181576318-c66e6f1e-297b”][vc_column_text]Tiles that are mounted on mesh sheets or adhesive strips that have a pattern or picture.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”MOSAICS” tab_id=”1450181615033-f706fd76-70a9″][vc_column_text]A pattern or picture created by arranging colored pieces of tile, stone, or glass.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541141280{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: N” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”NATURAL BED” tab_id=”1450181737722-61ea2ec1-f7de”][vc_column_text]Typically stratified materials such as stone that have been set on the same plane.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NATURAL CEMENT” tab_id=”1450181739048-354e4929-b448″][vc_column_text]An organic product of lime that has a high clay content.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NATURAL CLEFT” tab_id=”1450181740390-a6e42747-786c”][vc_column_text]In masonry, a type of finish created by splitting the stone to the cleft surface leaving a natural appearance and finish.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NATURAL STONE MOSAICS” tab_id=”1450181741726-5a419f36-4608″][vc_column_text]Stones that are attached by a mesh or adhesive backing in a design or pattern.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NATURAL STONE” tab_id=”1450181743177-455e92ae-add9″][vc_column_text]A stone, including granite, quartz, slate, marble and others that occur naturally.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NEAT CEMENT” tab_id=”1450181744530-6e92a806-f4ff”][vc_column_text]A cement product that is uncut by sand, making it pure.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NEGATIVE LIP” tab_id=”1450181745907-ae737257-1b60″][vc_column_text]The result of an installation where tiles or stones are installed lower than surrounding tiles.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NOMINAL DIMENSION” tab_id=”1450181747284-6e4969fe-1d7b”][vc_column_text]In masonry, a dimension that is greater than the specified dimension as determined by the mortar joint thickness. In carpentry, the labels given to lumber prior to finishing.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NON-COMBUSTIBLE” tab_id=”1450181748754-a9512247-5317″][vc_column_text]Materials that will not ignite or burn when subjected to extreme temperatures or flames.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NON-CORRODING” tab_id=”1450181750152-26d39e3b-2a08″][vc_column_text]Materials that resist oxidation and corrosive actions.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NON-FERROUS” tab_id=”1450181751550-5d9d4434-a019″][vc_column_text]A metal, including alloys that does not contain appreciable percentages of iron; it includes nickel, titanium, zinc, lead and many more.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NON-STAINING MORTAR” tab_id=”1450181752966-9ddbddc3-c737″][vc_column_text]A stain resistant mortar comprised of materials that have a very low alkali content .[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”NOSING” tab_id=”1450181754460-80cb1d61-491d”][vc_column_text]Holes that have been cut or drilled into stone for the lifting or installation of stones with anchor bolts.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541165948{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: O” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”OBSIDIAN” tab_id=”1450184907360-252d65fc-c482″][vc_column_text]A dark, hard volcanic rock (normally black) formed by the rapid solidification of lava.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”OFF FALL” tab_id=”1450184908757-caad8879-f1c0″][vc_column_text]The remnants from slabs of marble, granite, or other stones. They can be used for other projects.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”OFFSET” tab_id=”1450184910158-868d6840-7084″][vc_column_text]A design feature when pieces of material including wood, stones and tiles are intentionally set in an opposite manner.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”OGEE” tab_id=”1450184911673-5f634d86-0dd2″][vc_column_text]An edge finish, as for countertops, that feature an S-shaped curve.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ONE-MAN BOULDERS” tab_id=”1450184913120-f989cadc-972e”][vc_column_text]Stones that weigh less than 150 pounds.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ONYX MARBLE” tab_id=”1450184914554-6e7dac40-a1e5″][vc_column_text]A dense and semi-transparent crystalline rock comprised of calcite and sometimes aragonite.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ONYX” tab_id=”1450184916055-c0daaf63-a398″][vc_column_text]A semiprecious agate stone that is a variety of quartz featuring different colors and layers with varying degrees of translucency,[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”OOLITIC LIMESTONE” tab_id=”1450184917547-34c4545c-760c”][vc_column_text]A sedimentary rock formed from spherical grains in concentric layers. This calcite calcareous limestone is often formed from shells and is available in some areas of Indiana, Texas, Alabama and Kansas.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”OPALIZED” tab_id=”1450184918984-4ccfce84-e9d9″][vc_column_text]A stone that has an opalescent nature of reflecting a variety of colors and hues as does a natural opal.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”OPHICALCITE” tab_id=”1450184920446-89b1d53e-ba85″][vc_column_text]A metamorphic rock that is similar to a serpentine marble; can be white due to high calcium content, green, or red.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ORGANIC” tab_id=”1450184922018-454d0282-b2ed”][vc_column_text]Naturally occurring compounds that are biological in origin.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”OUT-CROP” tab_id=”1450184923497-50246081-d37a”][vc_column_text]Rocks or stones that appear above ground level.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”OUT-OF-WIND” tab_id=”1450184924979-3ec8dbb0-96e5″][vc_column_text]In masonry, typically refers to veneer stones that do not feature perpendicular or parallel lines that are irregular or rustic in their appearance.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”OVER BURDEN” tab_id=”1450185272859-2b655604-19a8″][vc_column_text]The waste stone in quarries that covers the useful or prized underlying stones.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541192947{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: P” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”PALLETIZED” tab_id=”1450185361431-e7d51b02-66a4″][vc_column_text]The system for safely stacking stones on wooden pallets for storage or shipment.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PANEL” tab_id=”1450185362860-5d0ee9f3-1203″][vc_column_text]In masonry refers to a fabricated unit of stone veneer.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PARGING” tab_id=”1450185364318-9eb2fc65-3d0e”][vc_column_text]A cover of plaster or mortar that provides damp proofing.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PARQUETRY” tab_id=”1450185365779-55a92633-737b”][vc_column_text]Inlaid work and designs of woods, stones, or tiles for floors, furniture or countertops.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PATCH” tab_id=”1450185367384-addd6350-bc35″][vc_column_text]A compound that is used to fill cracks, chips or naturally occurring voids.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PATINA” tab_id=”1450185368895-e6001930-31e7″][vc_column_text]The green or brown color that occurs on metals through oxidation.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PAVER” tab_id=”1450185370411-fad7c116-4076″][vc_column_text]A fabricated interlocking stone used for pathways, patios and driveways.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PEDESTAL” tab_id=”1450185371936-5ca36ad8-124c”][vc_column_text]A supporting structure crafted from stone or wood.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PERMEABILITY” tab_id=”1450185373560-f6013d59-f5ec”][vc_column_text]The state or quality of a material that causes it to allow gases or liquids to pass through it.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PERPENDER” tab_id=”1450185375111-5fa154ee-ac93″][vc_column_text]A stone or piece of wood that extends through a wall as an ornamental design that is finished on both ends.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PERRONS” tab_id=”1450185376658-a1c446ac-9269″][vc_column_text]An external platform of slabs of stones for steps. A feature of Palladian architecture.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PETROGLYPHY” tab_id=”1450185378216-2d3ba541-d45f”][vc_column_text]A prehistoric rock carving often times depicting animals, symbols and people.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PHENOCYRST” tab_id=”1450185379889-0774ebfe-dd30″][vc_column_text]A large crystal in a porphritic or igneous rock.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PHENOL” tab_id=”1450185381462-7423b57b-bccd”][vc_column_text]A mild acidic toxic white crystalline solid used in the manufacturing of resins.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PICKED” tab_id=”1450185758112-239fd8b1-8bda”][vc_column_text]A finish for stone that has been dressed with a masonry point.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PIER” tab_id=”1450185789623-71b2bb30-ade7″][vc_column_text]A support structure made from stone that is smaller than a column.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PILASTER” tab_id=”1450185813266-c17ac30f-1fac”][vc_column_text]From classical architecture, a rectangular column that projects 1\/3 of its width from a wall.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PISCINA” tab_id=”1450185842212-3c436ba9-8932″][vc_column_text]In ancient Roman architecture, a pool or pond for swimming or bathing. Also refers to a stone basin set near an altar in a Catholic church.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PITCHED STONE” tab_id=”1450185872765-3837574a-cd43″][vc_column_text]A finish for a stone crafted by a pitching chisel creating a rough cut face.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PITCHED” tab_id=”1450185903829-86f66d4f-b713″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone that resembles a rock face that is crafted with a pitching tool.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PLANER” tab_id=”1450185938840-86d004b7-35b9″][vc_column_text]A machine that gauges stone and produces finishes.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PLATE TRACERY” tab_id=”1450185977586-82342c5a-ce7e”][vc_column_text]A design that has been carved from a flat plate of stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PLINTHS” tab_id=”1450186019929-5b8e3b3c-f4f8″][vc_column_text]The lower slab at the base of a column that provides support and stability.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PLUCKED FINISH” tab_id=”1450186056099-c28924b1-5f93″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone that is created through a rough planing of the surface while breaking and plucking particles to give a rough texture.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PLUG AND FEATHERS” tab_id=”1450186136985-395ba64d-92dd”][vc_column_text]Tools that are used to split stones and rocks.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PLUMB BOMB” tab_id=”1450186165811-05c15133-d77f”][vc_column_text]A lead or heavy metal weight that suspended from a line to determine vertical trueness.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PLUMB RULE” tab_id=”1450186082529-25fef956-b167″][vc_column_text]A plumb line that is attached to a board with lines of measurement, like a ruler, used for determining the vertical plane.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”POINT FINISH” tab_id=”1450186232963-0face9cd-8865″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone that is rough and tooled.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”POINTING” tab_id=”1450186287627-de916dd5-acc1″][vc_column_text]In masonry and tiling, refers to the final finishing and filling of mortar joints.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”POINT” tab_id=”1450186525464-c9f8d2fa-3afc”][vc_column_text]A spike or nail that has a point formed by 2 sides meeting at a sharp angle.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”POLISHED” tab_id=”1450186872726-2c4cd6a4-1ea7″][vc_column_text]A finish that has been rubbed or sanded to a smooth shiny finish. Can be accomplished on dense materials such as granite, marble, and others to bring out full character and colors inherent in stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”POLYESTER RESIN” tab_id=”1450186929477-46ea8682-6b5e”][vc_column_text]An unsaturated resin that is formed by diabasic organic acids and polyhydric alcohols. Used in the composite industry for reinforcement of plastics and fiberglasses.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”POLYETHYLENE FILM” tab_id=”1450187420102-d55bd574-aa8a”][vc_column_text]A film with very low absorption rates.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PORCELAIN” tab_id=”1450241767690-395d58fc-3410″][vc_column_text]A ceramic made from clay and fired to over 2500 degrees for strength and toughness.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”POROSITY” tab_id=”1450241972817-bf176bc0-0112″][vc_column_text]The property of being porous; the total measurement of absorption.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PORPHYRY” tab_id=”1450242008694-cbe3ccd3-ecc1″][vc_column_text]A hard igneous rock that contains crystals, usual feldspar (granite) in a fine-granite groundmass.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PORTLAND CEMENT” tab_id=”1450242044029-ed03afd4-c64c”][vc_column_text]A cement manufactured from clay and limestone that hardens under water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”POSITIVE LIP” tab_id=”1450242086420-83f9d3c1-e73c”][vc_column_text]The result when a factory-finished stone or tile is intentionally installed higher than adjacent tiles.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”POULTICING” tab_id=”1450242123877-121c941a-c427″][vc_column_text]The method and process of drawing stains or other soluble out of stone by applying an absorbent material like clay that is mixed with a cleaning solvent.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PRE-CAST” tab_id=”1450242175587-c3c8d73b-d336″][vc_column_text]A concrete product that has been intentionally shaped and poured off-site. Examples include concrete slabs.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PREASSEMBLED UNITS” tab_id=”1450242221526-8449dd18-b4b4″][vc_column_text]In masonry, two or more stones or rocks that are combined into a single unit with epoxies, mesh backings, or steel frames.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PREFABRICATED COUNTERTOPS” tab_id=”1450242261289-4a512a37-4214″][vc_column_text]A mass produced countertop that is cut, finished and polished at the factory. Can be granite, marble, composites, quartz, or other countertop materials.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PREFABRICATED GRANITE” tab_id=”1450242298596-f703261c-4bfd”][vc_column_text]A mass produced granite product that is cut, finished and polished in the factory.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PRESSURE RELIEVING JOINT” tab_id=”1450242338206-28f1bc1a-fa6f”][vc_column_text]The open horizontal joint typically below floors that are caulked and sealed to prevent moisture absorption.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PRODUCER” tab_id=”1450242381033-81261c6f-b53a”][vc_column_text]In masonry, the individual or company that quarries stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PROFILE MACHINE” tab_id=”1450242469627-e27ad240-15ce”][vc_column_text]A machine that cuts molding on stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PROFILE” tab_id=”1450242510877-f8bada19-d12b”][vc_column_text]The outline an object as seen from the side.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”PYRITE” tab_id=”1450242427138-945a7ed5-e656″][vc_column_text]An iron sulfide with yellow and brass metallic hues.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541266408{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: Q” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”QUARRIED STONE” tab_id=”1450242685640-c5e8ae89-ab50″][vc_column_text]A stone that has been removed from the natural planes in a quarry by use of machinery and tools.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUARRIER” tab_id=”1450242687271-6128b3a0-097a”][vc_column_text]The individual who works in a quarry.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUARRY BLOCK” tab_id=”1450242688924-ace6753e-8435″][vc_column_text]A rectangular piece of stone that comes from a quarry.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUARRY RUN” tab_id=”1450242690589-10ea5ee9-82c5″][vc_column_text]In masonry, the general waste of unselected materials.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUARRY SAP” tab_id=”1450242692350-b60049ca-22de”][vc_column_text]The naturally occurring water or moisture present in stone when it is removed from the ground.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUARRY” tab_id=”1450242694044-15c3b02f-942e”][vc_column_text]A deep pit where stones or other materials are extracted.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUARTER ROUND” tab_id=”1450242695740-97f56b3a-18ba”][vc_column_text]A convex molding.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUARTZ-BASED STONE” tab_id=”1450242697518-d3fd7a24-8dca”][vc_column_text]A sedimentary stone such as sandstone or a metamorphic stone as in quartzite.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUARTZATIC SANDSTONE” tab_id=”1450242699207-a9356806-8521″][vc_column_text]A metamorphic sandstone that consists of quartz fine grains that are cemented with silica.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUARTZITE” tab_id=”1450242700885-a7e5d970-3c50″][vc_column_text]A compact, extremely hard granular rock that consists of quartz crystals. Most often it is quarried in stratified layers<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUARTZ” tab_id=”1450242702570-19144448-0dd6″][vc_column_text]A white or colorless mineral found in sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks typically responsible for the natural veins and streaks.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUEEN CLOSURE” tab_id=”1450242704363-6896f953-f06f”][vc_column_text]A brick that has been cut with a two-inch face dimension.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUICKLIME” tab_id=”1450242706062-b8adaae8-127e”][vc_column_text]A white crystalline oxide made from crushed limestone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”QUIONS” tab_id=”1450242707778-2a3f8822-d63b”][vc_column_text]The external angle in a building or wall.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541293632{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: R” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”RABBETT” tab_id=”1450243129181-c8190d23-6e17″][vc_column_text]A recessed groove cut into the edge of wood or stone to form a match with another piece.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RACKING” tab_id=”1450243130953-7958799c-0a6a”][vc_column_text]In masonry, the process in which successive courses are stepped back from the face of the wall.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RAKE” tab_id=”1450243132737-1c796a3a-88c1″][vc_column_text]A stone’s face that has been angularly cut.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RANDOM ASHLAR” tab_id=”1450243134614-7009c0f8-d962″][vc_column_text]In masonry, the layout and design when geometric stones are not laid in continuous regular courses but are arranged at different widths and heights.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RANDOM MASONRY” tab_id=”1450243136444-f0b21b39-8ab6″][vc_column_text]When stones and rocks are laid in varying heights.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RANDOM” tab_id=”1450243138283-bec76584-eb34″][vc_column_text]In masonry, a pattern where joints appear web-like.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RANGE OF COLOR” tab_id=”1450243140107-9f58a0a2-7d72″][vc_column_text]In masonry terms, the measured variation of shades, hues, colors, veins, and textures in stones including granite, marble, quartz, and onyx.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RANGE” tab_id=”1450243142027-0f932447-04cb”][vc_column_text]In masonry terms, the course of thickness across the fa\u00e7ade. All range courses are not necessarily of equal thickness.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RE-CRYSTALLIZED LIMESTONE” tab_id=”1450243143885-490a308d-7eae”][vc_column_text]The crystalline patterns in limestone that have be replaced with crystals, fossils or other materials.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RE-POINTING” tab_id=”1450243145753-795c66d0-2ec3″][vc_column_text]The process of raking out, refilling or finishing joints with mortar.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”REBATED KERF” tab_id=”1450243147626-7d793389-bd63″][vc_column_text]The additional cut made by cutting that sinks a kerf on stone for anchoring.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RECEPTOR” tab_id=”1450243149481-71ee15c8-2b48″][vc_column_text]Also known as a shower base; it is the curb and combined floor structure.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”REEDED” tab_id=”1450243151444-6c06464a-8d84″][vc_column_text]A specially crafted and shaped molding of woods or stone that have a semi-cylindrical face.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”REGRATING” tab_id=”1450243153355-d6a45123-aa17″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone where the surface is removed or cleaned to expose fresh stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”REINFORCEMENT” tab_id=”1450243155238-2e3ac243-d781″][vc_column_text]The process or act of strengthening and structure.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RELIEF” tab_id=”1450243157140-37fbb82e-c72a”][vc_column_text]A decorative or ornamental detail of embossing or carving.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RESINING” tab_id=”1450243159087-ba9372d9-e292″][vc_column_text]The process or action of treating stone with resins to fill nicks, crevices and fissures.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RESTAURANT FLOORING” tab_id=”1450243161063-490b91a1-ad46″][vc_column_text]Flooring that is engineered specially for the necessary requirements needed in a restaurant such as anti-slip and skid.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RESTORATION” tab_id=”1450243162987-52e15b53-0677″][vc_column_text]In masonry, the process of cleaning, finishing or repairing stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RETAINING WALL STONE” tab_id=”1450243164909-94093c9d-2230″][vc_column_text]The stones that are used in retaining walls engineered to resist lateral pressure.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RETARDING AGENT” tab_id=”1450243166954-6170c467-a910″][vc_column_text]A chemical mixture added to grout or mortar that slows the curing and hardening.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RETEMPURING” tab_id=”1450243168875-a15e2599-2a23″][vc_column_text]The process of moistening mortar and remixing it to bring it to the proper consistency.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RETUCLITATED WORK” tab_id=”1450243170821-cdd6f8b1-7aae”][vc_column_text]Also known as “opus reticulatum” is a design of brickwork from Ancient Roman architecture that features diamond-shaped bricks that are placed at 45 degree angles.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RETURN HEAD” tab_id=”1450243172891-7c47f5d2-2e6c”][vc_column_text]In masonry terms, the stone fa\u00e7ade that has the same finish on two sides for corners.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RETURN” tab_id=”1450243174860-16aa6b81-7daa”][vc_column_text]A right angle wall, molding or other horizontal structure.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”REVEAL” tab_id=”1450243176833-add93ed8-40a4″][vc_column_text]In masonry, the depth of stone between the outer face and an opening typically at 90 degrees from the front face.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RIFT” tab_id=”1450243178941-cc99e6cc-2bf1″][vc_column_text]The pronounced cleavage of a stone, or the direction that the grain runs.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RIPRAP” tab_id=”1450243180919-27cfc4ee-bd37″][vc_column_text]Loose irregular shaped stones use to form the foundation of a breakwater or other structure such as foundations. Can be used for stepping stones and patios.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RISE” tab_id=”1450243182923-dc99e622-6b4c”][vc_column_text]In masonry terms refers to the varying heights of stones.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RISING RAMP” tab_id=”1450243185015-0ec3a9ef-62c1″][vc_column_text]The natural capillary action where ground water travels through masonry.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RIVEN” tab_id=”1450243187049-39840cc7-f755″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone where it has been cut or slit along the natural cleavage planes.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ROCK (PITCH) FACE” tab_id=”1450243189171-f7e28261-cfe0″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone that is similar to “split face” except that the stone is pitched in a given line that produces a bold appearance.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ROCKED FINISH” tab_id=”1450243191200-03b0f5b3-85ed”][vc_column_text]A finish for stone that leaves a bubbled and textured appearance.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ROCK” tab_id=”1450243193344-7664370a-82de”][vc_column_text]Solid mineral materials that are part of the earth’s crust.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RODDING” tab_id=”1450243195374-45df1e89-a817″][vc_column_text]The reinforcement of a structure, including stone, cured by cementing reinforcing rods into channels or groves.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ROMAN ARCH” tab_id=”1450243197498-1918970f-0959″][vc_column_text]Also referred to as a “Norman Arch”, it is a semi-circular arch where the stones are wedge shaped.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ROSE WINDOW” tab_id=”1450243199605-f5edb117-a58a”][vc_column_text]A circular window or stone that radiates in a pattern suggestive to the petals of a rose.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ROUGH BACK” tab_id=”1450243201795-83c3296e-0584″][vc_column_text]The finish on stone where one side is rough and the other has been gang sawed.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ROUGH SAWN” tab_id=”1450243203879-5fad978f-53c4″][vc_column_text]A stone finish crafted by gang sawing.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ROUGHING OUT” tab_id=”1450243206046-7e5e2457-8a26″][vc_column_text]The process of cutting or carving a raw stone to remove the unwanted bulk.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ROWLOCK” tab_id=”1450243208131-044e2fe3-a6b9″][vc_column_text]A pattern or design of masonry where bricks are laid on their face with ends visible in the fa\u00e7ade.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RUBBED FINISH” tab_id=”1450243210266-ad8d5c8e-c8c3″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone where machinery rubs for smoother finish.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RUBBING STONE” tab_id=”1450243212387-caa0e752-08fa”][vc_column_text]The abrasive stone that is used to finish and smooth the edges of stones and tile.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RUBBLE” tab_id=”1450243214612-bb34d923-128a”][vc_column_text]The term used for dimension stones that are used for building walls and foundations that include irregularly shaped pieces.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RUSTICATED” tab_id=”1450243216750-3c74c0ca-236d”][vc_column_text]In masonry, joints that have been beveled or recessed for ornamental or design purposes.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RUSTIC” tab_id=”1450243218977-e37d1c0f-6708″][vc_column_text]A grade of limestone characterized by the coarse texture. Can also refer to stone that has been roughly hand-finished.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”RUSTIFICATION” tab_id=”1450243221093-1338c966-731d”][vc_column_text]The process of recessing cut stones for the purpose of creating a channel in the joints.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541315594{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: S” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”SAND BLASTED” tab_id=”1450241895681-753e8804-a9f9″][vc_column_text]A finish for stones that is matte in appearance created by the application of sand under high pressure[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SANDSTONE” tab_id=”1450241897785-28f5b1e9-3362″][vc_column_text]A sedimentary rock that consists of quartz, feldspar and sand. Available in a wide array of colors and designs including reds, yellows and browns.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SAWED EDGE” tab_id=”1450241899812-9c621a7a-e772″][vc_column_text]A smooth edge finish for stone that is created by the cutting with a diamond blade or gang saw.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SAWED FINISH” tab_id=”1450241902010-964ad463-7de2″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone that features textures from rough to smooth accomplished by chat sawn, shot sawn, diamond sawn, or other processes.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SEALING” tab_id=”1450241904112-e4f2a8e7-fc3e”][vc_column_text]The process of applying a chemical compound designed to make joints water tight. Tiles, stones, countertops, grouts, foundations, windows and more can be sealed to resist water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SEDIMENTARY STONES” tab_id=”1450241906351-641a52f1-a518″][vc_column_text]Rocks that have been formed by the natural sedimentation process within the Earth’s surface. Can include rocks or fossils.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SERPENTINE” tab_id=”1450241908489-7a036e07-5293″][vc_column_text]A dark green mineral comprised of hydrated magnesium silicate that is spotted or mottled like a snake’s skin.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SETTER” tab_id=”1450241910716-90689054-23d2″][vc_column_text]A professional journeyman who installs stone and tile.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SHALE” tab_id=”1450241912861-b599e330-f095″][vc_column_text]A soft, finely stratified sedimentary rock that is formed from consolidated clay or mud that can be split into plates. Typically not as hard as slate and comes in a variety of shades including blacks, browns, grays and reds.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SLATE” tab_id=”1450241915114-aba2488b-5cf2″][vc_column_text]A fine-grained bluish, gray or green metamorphic rock that is easily split into smooth flat plates.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SOUNDNESS” tab_id=”1450241917253-17b2fdab-c7fe”][vc_column_text]The property and characteristics of stone used to describe the cracks, imperfections, and faults.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”SPALL” tab_id=”1450241919423-1101c112-e669″][vc_column_text]A fragment or splinter of stone separated from the base stone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”STONE CARE AND MAINTENANCE” tab_id=”1450241921723-ceaa8dca-61a7″][vc_column_text]The process of caring for natural stones, tiles, grouts and mortars. Maintenance can include period re-sealing as with granite.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”STUNNED CRYSTALS, (MARKS)” tab_id=”1450241923910-159d7d19-9cb0″][vc_column_text]Whitish markings in stones that are the result of damage occurring to the crystals when subjected to high stress.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541336451{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: T” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”TCA (Tile Council Of America)” tab_id=”1450241895681-753e8804-a9f9″][vc_column_text]The professional association of manufacturers of ceramic and porcelain tiles. The leading resource for education and installation techniques.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TEMPLATE” tab_id=”1450241897785-28f5b1e9-3362″][vc_column_text]A pattern made from plastic, wood, or metal that is used to apply a repetitive pattern through chemical process, drilling or cutting.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TERRAZZO” tab_id=”1450241899812-9c621a7a-e772″][vc_column_text]A hard durable flooring material comprised of chips of granite and\/or marble set in concrete and then polished.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TEXTURED FINISH” tab_id=”1450241902010-964ad463-7de2″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone obtained by hammering and chiseling.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TEXTURE” tab_id=”1450241904112-e4f2a8e7-fc3e”][vc_column_text]The appearance, consistency and feel of a surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”THERMAL FINISH” tab_id=”1450241906351-641a52f1-a518″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone that is rough and non-reflective that is achieved through the application of intense heat or flames.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”THIN STONE” tab_id=”1450241908489-7a036e07-5293″][vc_column_text]A stone that is less than 2 inches thick.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”THRESHOLD” tab_id=”1450241910716-90689054-23d2″][vc_column_text]The flat strip of stone, wood or other material that projects above the floor between rooms.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TILE” tab_id=”1450241912861-b599e330-f095″][vc_column_text]A thin composite of clay or porcelain used for flooring, walls and countertops.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TOLERANCE” tab_id=”1450241915114-aba2488b-5cf2″][vc_column_text]An allowance in the fabrication process.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TRANSLUCENCE” tab_id=”1450241917253-17b2fdab-c7fe”][vc_column_text]The quality of allowing light to pass through.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TRAVERTINE” tab_id=”1450241919423-1101c112-e669″][vc_column_text]A white or light colored calcareous rock that is a variety of limestone.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TUMBLE FINISH” tab_id=”1450241921723-ceaa8dca-61a7″][vc_column_text]A finish for stone that is produced by machine tumbling creating an uneven surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TUMBLED TRAVERTINE” tab_id=”1450241923910-159d7d19-9cb0″][vc_column_text]A travertine finish that has a rough textured finish and rounded edges.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”TUMBLER” tab_id=”1450244670603-b7a37d6b-587f”][vc_column_text]A drum like rotating machine used to produce the tumbled finish on stones including marbles and travertine.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541388950{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: V” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”VEIN CUT” tab_id=”1450241433251-878f635f-d21d”][vc_column_text]The process where a quarried stone is cut perpendicular to natural bedding or cleavage.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”VEIN” tab_id=”1450241436060-911d8576-c4a0″][vc_column_text]A naturally occurring seam or layer of minerals different from the surrounding material.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”VENEER” tab_id=”1450241438970-8d2372dc-a95c”][vc_column_text]A thin facing stone used for vertical coverings including exterior and interior walls and fireplaces.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”VITRIFICATION” tab_id=”1450241441804-704ed882-b2c1″][vc_column_text]The result of high temperature firing that causes grains and pores of clays to fuse.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”VOUSSOIR” tab_id=”1450241444761-e6f706e8-a73b”][vc_column_text]A wedge-shaped or tapered stone used in an arch.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”VUG” tab_id=”1450241447775-042cd97b-15ff”][vc_column_text]A natural cavity in a rock sometimes lined with mineral crystals.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” bgtype=”grey” el_class=”page-accordion-block dark_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1786541417606{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/pattern-img.webp?id=6483) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css_animation=”slideInUp”][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: W” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ css_animation=”slideInUp” no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”WALL TILE” tab_id=”1450243165357-5cc35086-5719″][vc_column_text]Tiles that are used for kitchen backsplashes, bathroom and shower walls.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WARPED” tab_id=”1450243168249-73789bb5-858a”][vc_column_text]In masonry terms, a natural condition of slates and flagstones that are not treated with rubbing, honing or polishing.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WASH” tab_id=”1450243171251-7eb52d35-0da2″][vc_column_text]In landscaping, a sloped area where water will run.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WATER BASE” tab_id=”1450243174181-3c41b477-25b5″][vc_column_text]A solution that contains a water soluble or water dispersible binder.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WATER MARK” tab_id=”1450243177201-5b5caf18-e572″][vc_column_text]Stains on woods, tiles, stones or other hard surfaces caused by acid in water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WATER OF CRYSTALLIZATION” tab_id=”1450243180224-6c578b23-78d8″][vc_column_text]The water molecules that form as an essential part of the crystal structure of compounds.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WATERPROOFING” tab_id=”1450243183233-92384efe-8d5e”][vc_column_text]The process of making a surface impervious to water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WAXING” tab_id=”1450243186314-df98c2eb-407d”][vc_column_text]In masonry terms, the process of filling natural voids with shellac or cements.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WEAR” tab_id=”1450243189297-73007117-0185″][vc_column_text]In masonry terms, the removal of materials from the fa\u00e7ade of stones through impact or friction.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WEATHERED JOINT” tab_id=”1450243192389-dadd9207-e538″][vc_column_text]A mortar joint that has an outward and downward slope to shed water.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WEATHERING” tab_id=”1450243195487-c7c1c970-6514″][vc_column_text]The process in which the appearance or texture of a surface is changed by natural atmospheric phenomena or by chemical or mechanical processes.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WEDGING” tab_id=”1450243198464-237dafe4-f5bb”][vc_column_text]The process of splitting a stone by driving wedges into the planes of inherent weaknesses.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WEEP HOLES” tab_id=”1450243201572-bb4f3b8b-cb42″][vc_column_text]A drainage opening in joints to allow release of moisture.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WETTING” tab_id=”1450243204635-a85cb9cc-cbf9″][vc_column_text]The ability of a coating or film to penetrate or spread over a surface.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WHOLESALER” tab_id=”1450243207737-823313d7-7434″][vc_column_text]A person or entity that purchases a product for resale.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WIND (WINED)” tab_id=”1450251954755-6202c608-6266″][vc_column_text]The warp in a semi-finished slab of stone that is removed during further fabrication.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WINDOW SILL” tab_id=”1450251994979-855044c2-bc09″][vc_column_text]A horizontal shelf like structure below a window frame.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WINDOW STOOL” tab_id=”1450250854144-1ed9b4de-73e0″][vc_column_text]A narrow horizontal shelf fitted across the inside of a window opening.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WIRE SAWN” tab_id=”1450250900108-9c544cad-6b58″][vc_column_text]The method of cutting a natural stone with wire that has been immersed in abrasive liquids to create various effects.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WIRE SAW” tab_id=”1450250942507-bc160673-6b29″][vc_column_text]A tool with one or more wire cables that run on a pulley system to cut natural stones into slabs and blocks.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”WRAP AROUND” tab_id=”1450251056795-a69f51d2-c213″][vc_column_text]The ability of a coating or film to cover all areas of a substrate including edges and sides.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css_animation=”slideInUp” bgcolor=”none” contentalign=”default” rowwidth=”default” bgimageposition=”fixed” el_class=”page-accordion-block white_bg” css=”.vc_custom_1787309177865{background-image: url(https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bg-2.png?id=5997) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=”Glossary: A” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css_animation=”slideInUp” css=”” el_class=”heading_h2″][vc_tta_accordion style=”outline” shape=”square” active_section=”1″ no_fill=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”ABRASION RESISTANCE” tab_id=”1436174951759-b46965bc-506a”][vc_column_text]The natural or finished property of a surface by which it resists abrasions from friction. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ABRASIVE FINISH” tab_id=”1436174952031-7e5f6448-e9b4″][vc_column_text]Non-reflective and flat finish.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”ABRASIVE HARDNESS” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6112","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6112"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7385,"href":"https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6112\/revisions\/7385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/umgtoledo.com\/newumg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}